Jurist UN commission warns of renewed South Sudan Civil War and urges international intervention

[Dadparvar]

The United Nations Commission on Human Rights Council (UNHRC) warned on Friday that the current regional instability in South Sudan could result in a “collapse” of the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement, which ended the second South Sudan Civil War. UNHRC said that the current coalescence of military and political unrest requires an urgent coordination of international intervention, while warning against any unilateral intervention.

The UNHRC reported that since March 2025, the South Sudan Defence Forces’ (SSPDF) military operations have caused widespread civilian casualties and displacements, with a state of emergency having been declared in many regions of the country. The council said that the SSPDF, reportedly backed by Ugandan forces, is undertaking mass recruitment efforts in breach of the 2018 Agreement. Currently, the SSPDF is engaged in fighting several armed opposition groups, with altercations being frequently fought out in populated areas. Alongside the military escalation, several opposition figures have been detained, including the First Vice President Dr. Riek Machar.

In a range of talks with Sudanese stakeholders, there is widespread fear of “persistent violence, arbitrary arrests, and the erosion of civic space.” Carlos Castresana Fernandez, the commissioner of the Human Rights Council, stressed that:

South Sudanese are living with extreme trauma. They are enduring targeted military attacks that have upended lives and instilled widespread fear. … . The country’s leaders – signatories of the Agreement – must abandon partisan agendas and act in the interest of the people. The world cannot remain as bystander while civilians are bombed, and opposition voices are silenced. The time for passive diplomacy is over – these senseless attacks must stop.

In September 2018, a peace deal was signed between the South Sudanese Transitional Government of National Unity and several opposition parties, leading to the end of a seven-year-long civil war that killed at least 50,000 people. The agreement mandated an array of governance, economic, and judicial procedures, as well as a transitional period until 2022, providing for elections. In 2022, the agreement was further supplemented by a Roadmap to a Peaceful and Democratic End of the Transitional Period, which extended the transitional period, mandating elections by December 2024. Elections were further delayed by 24 months in July 2024.

The situation in the country, in the background of the frequent human rights violations, has caused the international community to express concerns throughout the year. In March, the UNHRC called for the preservation of the peace agreement after 60,000 people had been displaced by “aerial assaults.” In May, NGO Amnesty International urged the UN Security Council to renew its arms embargo to mitigate the ongoing tensions. On May 30, the Security Council, with the adoption of Resolution 2781, extended the embargo until July 1, 2026.

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